1.Recalcitrant (adjective)-आज्ञा न माननेवाला/दुर्दम्य/अड़ियल 

Meaning: having an obstinately uncooperative attitude towards authority or discipline.

Synonyms: balky, contrary, contumacious, defiant, froward, incompliant, insubordinate, intractable, obstreperous, rebel, rebellious, disobedient, recusant, refractory, restive.

Antonyms: amenable, biddable, compliant, conformable, docile, obedient, ruly, submissive.

Example: the recalcitrant judge  is doubtful if sending Justice Karnan to jail is the most judicious way of restraining him.

2.Contumacious (adjective)-उद्दंड/अक्खड़ 

Meaning: (especially of a defendant's behaviour) stubbornly or wilfully disobedient to authority.

Example: That the only punishment that the highest court could come up with against a sitting high court judge was imprisonment speaks volumes about the total absence of any disciplinary mechanism short of impeachment to deal with contumacious conduct by a member of the higher judiciary.

3.Purport (verb)-तात्पर्य बतलाना 

Meaning: appear to be or do something, especially falsely.

Synonyms: claim, lay claim, profess, pretend.

Example: The court’s gag order on the media from reporting Justice Karnan’s purported orders and comments only adds to the sense of unease about the whole episode.

4.Titular (adjective)-नाममात्र का

Meaning: holding or constituting a purely formal position or title without any real authority.

Synonyms: nominal, in title/name only, formal, official, ceremonial.

Example: President Pranab Mukherjee’s term ends soon. Given that the President has only a formal, titular role, is it better to look for a candidate outside the realm of active politics? Is opening up the positionfor writers, artists, public intellectuals and so on more desirable?

5.Disseminate (verb)-प्रसारित करना

Meaning: spread (something, especially information) widely.

Synonyms: spread, circulate, distribute, disperse, diffuse, proclaim, promulgate, propagate, publicize, communicate, pass on, make known, put about

Example: At the local level, capacity building enables the community to make decisions and disseminate them to the appropriate authorities, thus influencing political processes. 

6.Incubate (verb)-अंडों पर बैठना

Meaning: (of a bird) sit on (eggs) in order to keep them warm and bring them to hatching., be developing an infectious disease before symptoms appear.

Example: U.S. foreign policy incubated the Taliban, which spread terror in the name of Islam, and rained terror on Iraqi children in the name of keeping the world safe from weapons of mass destruction.

7.Vulnerable (adjective)-चपेट में

Meaning: exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally.

Synonyms: in danger, in peril, in jeopardy, at risk, endangered, unsafe, unprotected, ill-protected, unguarded.
Example: Climate change may have contributed to the suicides of nearly 60,000 Indian farmers and farm workers over the past three decades, according to new research that examines the toll rising temperatures are already taking on vulnerable societies.

8.Rudimentary (adjective)-मौलिक

Meaning: involving or limited to basic principles.

Synonyms: basic, elementary, introductory, early, primary, initial, first.

Example: It is said she incurred the wrath of the guards because of her rising popularity among the women prisoners. This suggests that until her arrival the inmates may not have been accustomed to even rudimentary care from the jail authorities.

9.Animus (noun)-विरोधपूर्ण भावना

Meaning: hostility or ill feeling., motivation to do something.

Example: Eyewitnesses say that when the warder was severely assaulted by the guards, it led to a riot-like situation among the prisoners. It is not difficult to surmise that simmering discontent over the prevailing conditions, and an intense animus between the guards and the inmates, were behind the events. It is some consolation that the police have arrested six prison officials for the custodial murder.

10.Tantamount (adjective)-समान

Meaning: equivalent in seriousness to; virtually the same as.

Synonyms: equivalent to, equal to, amounting to, as good as, more or less, synonymous with, virtually the same as, much the same as, comparable to, on a par with, commensurate with, along the lines of, as serious as, identical to

Example: When the government, with which the first point of contact for a farmer is the village office, causes mental agony for the citizen by denying him the opportunity to discharge his obligations, it is tantamount to terrorism.